"Drugs or Guns"

The article focuses on the rising issue in South Africa that is drugs or guns. The government didn't know the priority between to buy the guns or drugs that can save their peoples.
The South Africa government faces two legal cases challenging its priorities. However, the government does not show their effort in preventing HIV positive among pregnant women in South Africa. The government invest a lot of money for weapons but not on medication.
Then, the article comes from the Times magazine on December 10, 2001 by Hawthorne Peter, pages 54-55. This article also designed to inform the public about two legal cases that might affects the public and makes the government faces huge lost profits of the country itself.
Apart from that, the writer stance is negative and condemn the government and also describe the issue specifically to the two legal cases that had been faced by South African government.In this article, it is clearly shown by the fact that the government misused the power that been given by the citizen by using that money in illegal way and involved corruption and forget about the welfare of their citizen.
Then, the writer also describe the government as those who take advantages with the citizen trust by using their money to buy weapons using the public money for their own benefits. Lastly, the impact of the article was very effective and people will know about the current issue. the audience also will aware after been warn in the article.

DIETING..

The article of “Dieting” is about the diet that wants to be practice by the modern people. To be precise, this article covers a wide range of current issue relating to the phenomenon of weight control.

This issue also relating to the physical and mental health, as well as the part played by commercial providers of weight loss products. In this article, the writer also stated the myths of overweight that was totally ineffective. Then, the writer want to inform and also want to warn to readers that they should not believe the claims made by commercially- driven product providers.

There are many side effects if the people try to practice dieting in a wrong way such as bulimia, depression and etc. The writer also stated some advice to the overweight such as eating only when hungry and fitness vs. fatness. Apart from that, the writer stance for this article is highly critical. The consumers are cast as victims, unable to resist the pressure to be dissatisfied with their own bodies. Peoples should accept our natural weight and need to practice healthy lifestyle. Lastly, this article is very good by educate people about dieting. In fact, dieting doesn’t work, and maybe ad for health.

Reading 5.4 “Metaphor.”

Reading 5.4 “Metaphor.” In this topic, the writer focuses more on explaining the relationship between the writer’s choice of metaphor and how these choices may influence the readers. Before that, the meaning of metaphor is a description of something as if it were something else with which it shares some common qualities.
In the presentation also, the presenter explained that the framework Lee develops includes the roles of metaphor in language, the effect of metaphor on the reader and the interests and motivations that leads to the use of certain metaphor.
Other than that, he points illustrated using a range of texts, including a detailed analysis of the role of metaphor in the discourse associated with nuclear weapons or ‘nukespeak’. Apart from that, the presenter also able to come out with relevant examples and told to the audience that the metaphor we choose, however are reflections of both our personal and cultural perspectives. Thus, the choice of metaphorical language in a text can help us understand the writer’s perspective and ideology. Lastly, overall, the presentation was good and the slides were effective.

Reading 5.3 “Types of Exposition: Persuading that and Persuading to”

Reading 5.3 “Types of Exposition: Persuading that and Persuading to”. In this chapter, the writer, Martin focuses on a type of text he terms ‘exposition’. The characteristic feature of these texts is that they attempt to justify something to provide reasons to support some thesis. In the presentation also, the presenter told about the two types of exposition based on differences in the purposes they achieve. The two types of exposition are ‘analytical’ and ‘hortatory’ expositions.
Other than that, the presenter explained that the former attempt to persuade the recipient that something is true while the letter try to persuade the recipient to do something. Then, the presenter told the audience about what are analytical and hortatory expositions.
Analytical expositions are often associated with academic speaking and writing, while hortatory expositions include texts such as political speeches, letters to editor and office memos designed to change employee behavior. In this chapter also, the writer include about reasoning, personality and metaphor. Lastly, the presentation was quite good but the presenters not come out with the relevant examples to relate with this topic.

Reading 4.5 “Crooked and Fallacious Thinking.”

Reading 4.5 “Crooked and Fallacious Thinking.” This chapter argues that crooked and fallacious thinking is not only evidence of illogical mental processes and poor communication skill but is also a manipulative tool in the hands of the writer wishing to influence and affects the judgments of their readers. In this topic also, the presenter explained the subtopic that covers the topic, which are transfer device, circular arguments, false analogy, equivocation and either or assumption. Then, the presenter also told how this topic could relate with critical literacy. Crooked and fallacious thinking can be lead to misunderstand between writer and readers. Other than that, it is important to be able to interrogate the logic contained in the arguments in a text. Lastly, overall, the presentation was quite good and the presenter was come out with relevant examples.

Reading 4.4 “Statistic.”

Reading 4.4 “Statistic.” This chapter is concerned with the use and misuse of statistics and intended to caution readers into a more informed response to texts that link figures. The presenter also explained about the four common statistical slips, which are unqualified averages, fallacious sampling, percentages unaccompanied by actual numbers and misleading presentation. In the presentation, the presenter also stated about the important of statistics. The important of statistics in human affairs is obvious from our tendency to associate facts closely with figures. Lastly, using statistics is more efficient and will make the audience or the readers more understand about the topic rather than use long complex sentences. Overall, the presentation quite good but presenters were too shy to present.

Reading 4.3 “What is the Evidence.”

Reading 4.3 “What is the Evidence.” This chapter is concerned with the issue of evidence. It begins with the famous case of the kidnapping of the infant son of Charles Lindbergh and examines the evidence, wholly circumstantial, that led to the conviction and execution of Bruno Hauptmann. From the presentation, the presenter explained that there have two types of evidence, which are circumstantial, and testimonial evidence. Circumstantial evidence is about some particular case does not have any eye witnessed and the evidence just based on findings. While testimonials evidence is when there was any alibi for some particular moment of the case. Although there have any some arguments but if we have the evidence, there are no arguments anymore. The probabilities depend upon and not demand absolute certainty. Lastly, the presentation was good and the presenters manage to make their audience understand what they want to say.